Both types of music also include characteristic nonmetric improvisations. Rhythmic treatment also is similar, being closely related to principles of prosody but also employing rhythmic modes called īqāʿāt in Arabic.
Both tend to feature soloists, either alone or accompanied by a small group. Only those following certain practices, such as Sufism, have used music (and dance) for worship within the mosque, however, activities resembling music (but which are not considered music per se) generally have been limited to the call to prayer ( adhān) and the chanting of the Qurʾān.įolk music and art music differ less in the Middle East than elsewhere, especially because folk music, like art music, has long been the province of professionals (including many women), and the two traditions are based largely on similar principles. The fact that Islam has historically found music problematic has resulted in relatively little religious ceremonial music, but it has not held back secular music and has even enriched it with a strong religious strain. Despite three major languages and associated cultural differences, the music can be seen as a single great tradition because of the unifying element of Islam. Middle Eastern music, music of the Arabic-, Turkish-, and Persian-speaking world.
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